PETROLEUM
The word petroleum is composed of two Latin words Petra means rock and oleum means oil.Petroleum is a dark brown ,thick,and viscous liquid that occurs below the earths surface.It is a naturally occurring raw material which is a complex mixture of paraffinic,olefinic,and aromatic hydrocarbons together with small amounts of organic compounds containing O,N and S.
Mining Of Petroleum:-
Petroleum is found deep below the earth crust ranging from a few hundred meters to about 2-3 km.So, it's mining is a very expensive process.The possible locations are first identified by aerial surveys and ground tests.
The oil is found floating over salt water and has a layer of natural gas on the top of it. Mining is done by drilling holes into the earths crust and pipes are inserted until the pipes reach the petroleum bearing rocks.Usually the crude oil gushes out on its own due to high internal pressure. When the gas pressure decreases,the crude oil is pumped out with help of air lift pumps.
Refining Of Petroleum:-
The crude oil obtained is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons which is always found mixed with considerable amount of water and earth particles.So it becomes necessary to separate these hydrocarbons to make each fraction available for appropriate use. The crude oil is separated into various useful fractions by fractional distillation.This process of dividing petroleum into different useful fractions with different boiling ranges is called refining of petroleum and the plants set up for this purpose are called Oil refineries.
Petroleum Products:-
The word petroleum is composed of two Latin words Petra means rock and oleum means oil.Petroleum is a dark brown ,thick,and viscous liquid that occurs below the earths surface.It is a naturally occurring raw material which is a complex mixture of paraffinic,olefinic,and aromatic hydrocarbons together with small amounts of organic compounds containing O,N and S.
Mining Of Petroleum:-
Petroleum is found deep below the earth crust ranging from a few hundred meters to about 2-3 km.So, it's mining is a very expensive process.The possible locations are first identified by aerial surveys and ground tests.
The oil is found floating over salt water and has a layer of natural gas on the top of it. Mining is done by drilling holes into the earths crust and pipes are inserted until the pipes reach the petroleum bearing rocks.Usually the crude oil gushes out on its own due to high internal pressure. When the gas pressure decreases,the crude oil is pumped out with help of air lift pumps.
Refining Of Petroleum:-
The crude oil obtained is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons which is always found mixed with considerable amount of water and earth particles.So it becomes necessary to separate these hydrocarbons to make each fraction available for appropriate use. The crude oil is separated into various useful fractions by fractional distillation.This process of dividing petroleum into different useful fractions with different boiling ranges is called refining of petroleum and the plants set up for this purpose are called Oil refineries.
Petroleum Products:-
- LPG
- Gasoline or petrol
- Kerosene oil
- Diesel oil
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