Around u: 7 Digital Camera!!

A camera is an optical instrument for recording and capturing images, which can be stored locally, transmitted to another location or both.In the fifth century B.C, the Chinese philosopher Mo Ti noted that a pinhole can form an inverted and focusing image, when light passes through the hole and into a dark area. Mo Ti is the first person recorded to have used this phenomenon to trace the inverted image to create a picture.  The Digital cameras store photographs as long strings of numbers, not as patterns of darkness and light used in ordinary film camera. The word camera comes from `camera obscura’, which means “dark chamber”.

Digital cameras works in a completely different way than the ordinary film cameras.  When we press the button to take a photograph with a digital camera, an aperture opens at the front of camera and light enters through the lens. There is no film in a digital camera, instead there is a piece of electronic image sensor, usually a charge coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS sensor that captures the incoming light rays and turn them into electrical signals.

CCD

The light from the object you are photographing zooms into the camera lens. A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that the light enters the camera. This incoming ‘picture’ hits the image sensor chip, which breaks it up into millions of pixels. The sensor measures the color and brightness of each pixel and stores it as number. Thus the digital photography is an enormously long string of numbers describing the exact details of each pixel it contains.

Source:en.wikipedia.org

Following parts are usually found in digital camera:-

Source:www.explainthatstuff.com

 1.Battery compartment: The power required for working of camera is acquired from the batteries inside the battery compartment.
 2:Flash capacitor: The capacitor charges up for several seconds to store enough energy to fire the flash.
 3.Flash lamp: Operated by the capacitor. Xenon flash lamps are usually used.
 4.LED: A small red LED indicates when the self-timer is operating.
 5.Lens: It captures light from the object and focuses it on CCD or CMOS. Convex lenses are used. The telephoto lens is used for sports and wildlife but it is more susceptible to camera shake.
 6.Focusing mechanism: This mechanism is helpful in taking either close ups or distant shots. Some cameras have post focusing. Post focusing means that the pictures taken are then focused later in PC.
 7.Image sensor: This is a light detecting micro chip (CCD or CMOS). It is placed directly underneath the lens.
 8.USB Connector: USB cable is attached here for copying the photos taken, to computer.
 9.SD card slot: A flash memory card can be slide inside it for storing more photos.
Processor chip: The camera’s main digital brain. This controls all the camera functions.
The edit we are doing on the digital photograph using image editing program, we actually is adjusting the numbers that represent each pixel of the image. High quality photograph contains a string millions of numbers, that’s why high quality images often make more enormous file. So technique called Compression is used, which squeezes digital photos so that it can be stored in less memory.
New advanced improvements are happening in the camera industry. Modern cameras with more interesting specs are available in markets nowadays!!.

Intro To Rarest Interesting Sport 3 : Street Luge

Street luge is an extreme gravity powered activity that involves riding a street luge board down a paved road or course. Street luge is also known as land luge or road luge.

Street luge was born in Southern California as downhill skateboarders found they could achieve faster speeds by lying down on their skateboards. This early form is now called to as 'laydown skateboarding'. In 1995 the first professional race was held at Signal Hill , California, hosted by U.S. Skateboard Association. The race winner was based on top speed. Later many rules were brought and thus a professional sport named street luge evolved. In the mid 1990s, ESPN's X Games showcased street luge to the world and the sport was originally sanctioned by RAIL, then by International Gravity Sports Association. NBC followed ESPN's lead and created the Gravity Games in which the sport was sanctioned by Extreme Downhill International (EDI). There are now about 1200 active street luge riders in the world.

Street Luger's ride boards in the supine position. The design is according to the rules set forth by different governing bodies. Street luge boards are made from materials such as steel, aluminium,wood and carbon fibre. Actual board design differs as the constructio n rules are very open and allow for many design considerations.

Riders should wear safety equipment such as hard shell helmet with chin strap and face shield or goggles , leather or Kevlar racing suit ,leather or Kevlar gloves , sturdy Shoes..
Race courses are usually held on mountain roads but have been held on city streets as well. Courses can range in lenght from 0.5 to 3miles and vary in layout. Many racing formats such as single elimination with 2,4,or 6 racers at a time, timed trials , mass runs(20 racers at a time) etc. are conducted.

Intro To Rarest Interesting Sport 2 : Speak Takraw

Sepak takraw also known as kick volleyball, is a sport native to Southeast Asia. Sepak takraw use rattan ball and only allows players to use their feet, knee, chest and head to touch the ball.

“Sepak” is the Malay word for kick and “takraw” is the Thai word for a hand woven rattan ball. The game is essentially a kick ball. Also, sometimes misnamed by foreigners as “Shaolin Soccer” however it is an ancient game mainly enjoyed between Thai and Laos.
International play is now governed by ISTAF, the International Sepak Takraw Federation. Major competitions for the sport such as the ISTAF Super Series, the ISTAF World Cup and the King’s Cup World Championship are held every year.
Measurements of courts and equipment often vary among tournaments and organizations that operate from a recreational to a competitive level. There are two types of event categories- the regu and the doubles regu. The regu category is played by three players on each team while the doubles regu is played by two players on each team.

The Sepak takraw sport is played on a similar to badminton double sized court. The net shall be made of fine ordinary cord or nylon with 6cm to 8 cm mesh, similar to volleyball net. The Sepak takraw ball shall be spherical, made of synthetic fibre or one woven layer. Sepak takraw balls without synthetic rubber covering must have 12 holes and 20 intersections, must have a circumference measuring not less from 42 to 44 cm for men and 43 to 45 cm for women.

An official doubles or regu match is won by best of three sets with each set being played up to 21 points. A team event or group event is effectively three regu matches played back to back, using different players for each regu.  A team has to win 2 out of 3 sets to be a winner. In the last third set the change of sides takes place when one team reaches 11 points.

Intro to interesting sport - Chessboxing

Chessboxing is a sport that combines two traditional sports, chess and boxing. The competitors fight in alternating rounds of chess and boxing. Dutch performance artist, Iepe Rubingh invented Chessboxing. Chessboxing quickly turned into a fully developed competitive sport and is now popular in Germany, India, Great Britain and Russia.

Rubingh's idea to create a sport fusing chess and boxing, originated from the comic book named Froid Equateur written by Enki Bilal- that portrays  a Chessboxing world championship. Rubingh's developed the idea further until it turned into the competitive sport that Chessboxing is today with alternating rounds of chess and boxing and a detailed set of rules and regulations.

The first Chessboxing competition took place in Berlin in 2003. That same year ,the first world championship fight was held in Amsterdam in cooperation with the Dutch Boxing Association as well as the Dutch Chess Federation and under the auspices of the World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO) that was founded in Berlin shortly before. Dutch middle weight fighters Iepe Rubingh and Jean Louis Veenstra faced each other in the ring. Rubingh won the fight in 11th round going down in the history books as the first ever World Chessboxing Champion. The same goes for the Chess Boxing Club Berlin, created in the following year(2004), that is the first of its kind mailing Berlin the birthplace of Chessboxing.

Chessboxing first received credit from the international Chess Federation FIDE, in April 2008, it's president, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, took part in Chessboxing demo fight in Elista. At the same time the Chessboxing community began to grow globally at even faster rate. In 2011, the first international club matchup took place with Berlin and London in the ring. London came out the winner with 2:1 won bouts.

The Chessboxing organisation India was founded in 2011 by kickboxing official and former Indian kickboxing and karate champion Montu Das. With this, the growth of Chessboxing in Asia gained momentum with the first Chessboxing Organisation in Western Asia.
At the same time , the process of turning Chessboxing professional reached a milestone. The 2013 World Championship in Moscow was the first Chessboxing event organised and marketed by Chess Boxing Global.

A Chessboxing fight consists of 11 rounds, 6 rounds of chess and 5 rounds of boxing. Chess and boxing rounds alternate, begining and ending with a round of chess. Each round lasts 3mins , regardless of whether it involves chess or boxing. The total amount of chess playing time is 18mins, making it 9mins each player. After each chess round ,the exact setup is digitally recorded and repositioned before the following chess round. The breaks in between the Chess and boxing rounds usually last 60 seconds. The duration of the rounds and overall fight time in amateur Chessboxing fights can change to somedegree ,as in for example youth tournaments and exhibition fights.

A chessboxer must have strong skills in both Chess and boxing in order to be permitted to compete in a professional Chessboxing fight. The current minimum requirements to fight in a Chess Boxing Global event include an Elite rating of 1600 and a record of at least 50 amateur bouts fought in boxing or another similar martial arts. Fighters have to mainly train in speed chess. However Chessboxing is not only the ability to master two sports but above all, being able to withstand the constant switch from a full contact sport to a thinking sport, round after round. This switch becomes extremely hard for the athlete as the fight goes on and he becomes tired. 

Know how 3D works!!

3D films trick your brain, bringing projected images to life in fuol three dimensional glory. If you look at an object near you and close your left and right eyes in turn ,you will see each has a slightly different view of the surroundings. Your right eye alsees a bit more of its right side, and your left eye see a bit moreof it's left side. These two images are fused by the brain allowing you to see in three dimensions. This is known as stereoscopic vision.
To create a similar effect. 3D films are captured using two lenses placed side by side, or by producing computer generated images to replicate the same effects. In old fashioned 3D films ,footage for the left eye would be filtered using a red lens filter, producing a red image ,and the footage for the right eye would be shot using a blue filter, resulting a blue image. The images from the projectors are then superimposed on the cinema screen.

3D glasses with blue and red filters ensured viewers left and right saw the correct image, the red filter would only let red light through to your left eye, and the blue filter would only let the blue light through to your right eye. These two slightly different images are combined by the brain to create the illusion of 3D. The old fashioned 3D films couldn't make full use of the colour.

Therefore in modern 3D films ,polarised light is used instead of  red and blue light.
A polarised light wave vibrates only on one plane. The unpolarized light can be transformed into the polarised light using the polarising filter.

A polarising filter has tiny parallel lines etched into it. These lines will only let the light vibrating on particular plane through. as with old fashioned 3D, the film is recorded using two camera lenses sat side by side. But in the cinema ,the two reels of film are projected through different polarised filters. So the images destined for viewers left eyes are polarised on a horizontal plane, whereas images destined for the right eyes are polarised on a vertical plane.
Thus these filters seperate out the two images,giving each eye sees a slightly different perspectives and fooling the brain so as to obtain a three dimensional view.!

Around U :6 IMAX

IMAX  (an acronym for image maximum) is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards created by Canadian company IMAX Corporation and developed by Graeme Ferguson,Roman Kroitor,Robert Kerr, and William C  Shaw. IMAX  has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film systems.

Source: www.London pass.com

IMAX is the most widely used system for special venue film presentations. There are over 1061 IMAX theaters in 67 countries.
During Expo 67 ,in Montreal, the National Film Board of Canada's In  the Labyrinth and Ferguson's Man and the Polar Regions both used multiprojector, multi screen systems. Each encountered technical difficulties that led them to found a company called "Multiscreen", with a goal of developing a simplar approach. But later it became clear that a single large-screen image had more impact than multiple smaller ones and was more viable product direction, Multiscreen changed its name to IMAX.
Tiger Child ,the first IMAX film ,was demonstrated at Expo '70 in Osaka,  Japan. The first permanent IMAX installation was bulit at Cinesphere theater at Ontario Place at Toronto.
The IMAX cinema process increases the image resolution by using larger film frame, in relative terms,a frame of IMAX format film has three times the theoretical horizontal resolution of a frame of 35mm film. To achieve such increase resolution ,which IMAX estimated at approximately 12 thousand lines of horizontal resolution (12k), 65mm film stock passes horizontally through the IMAX movie camera ,15 perforations at a time. At 24 frames per second(fps),this means that the film moves through the camera at 102.7 meters per minute (just over 6 km/hr). In a conventional 65 mm camera ,five perforations at a time or ,34 meters per minute.
The IMAX format of widescreen cinema , the movie image is taller than its wide ,given the film frame dimensions of 69.6mm × 48.5mm. To match the standard image resolution of the moving image produced with the film speed of 24fps, an IMAX  film requires three times the lenght ofvfilm stock required for a 65mm film of comparable scope and cinematic technique.
In 2011 , IMAX announced a 4K 3D digital camera with the similar wide resolution of regular IMAX film cameras. The IMAX format is generally called "15/70" film, the name referring to the 15 sprocket ,holes or perforations per frame. The film's bulk requires horizontal platters ,rayheer than conventional film reels. The IMAX  platters range from 1.2 to 1.83 meters diameter to accommodate 1 to 2.75 hours of film. Platters with a 2.5 hour feature film weigh 250 kilograms. IMAX uses ESTAR baed print film in their 15/70 rolling kiip film projection systems. ESTAR  based print film provides greater precision.

In order to use the more area ,the  IMAX film dies not include an embedded soundtrack. Instead ,the IMAX system specifies a separate six-channel 35mm magnetic film, recorded and played back on a film follower locked to picture.
Like conventional theaters , IMAX theaters place speakers both directly behind the acoustically transparent screen and around the theater to create a 'surround sound' effect. IMAX also provides a 'top center' speaker in addition to center' speaker found in conventional theaters. This extra channel allows the sound to mix engineers to take advantage of the screen's greater height.

To create illusion of depth ,the IMAX 3D process uses two separate camera lenses that represent the left and right eyes. The lenses are separated by a distance of 64mm ,the average distance between a human eyes. Two separate rolls of film are used to capture the images they produce. The IMAX 3D camera weighs over 113kg.

Variations on IMAX included the 48 fps IMAX HD process ,which sought to produce smoother, more lifelike motion, while also reducing the blurting of moving objects, by doubling the normal film rate. The IMAX HD system was tested in 1992 at Canada pavilion of the Seville Expo '92 with the film Momentum.

2 Interesting!! Rarest!!! Water Sports!!! Stay Amazed!!

Underwater Cycling :-

Underwater Cycling is a racing sport which can be done in a swimming pool or on the beds of oceans or lakes. Riders use specially designed dense bicycles and wear scuba diving gear.There are few types of underwater cycing races. The most common type of race is for riding the farthest distance. In this type of race, each contestant individually ride a course with their own free and record their distance and timings. The stats are then validated and accepted. Another type of race is riding a underwater course against other opponents and  first one to make it in finish line wins.

The riders who get off the bicycle are disqualified. Pushing or hitting other people off their bikes are forbidden. 

About 10 people are allowed to compete in races, a course underwater that stretches out about half -mile. Two watches are provided for each contestant ,for the safety of the contestant in the case of emergency.

The record for cycling underwater has been broken by Italian Vittorio Innocents ,who succeeded in peddaling 213ft under the Mediterranean.. He took nine minutes of deep sea pedalling to reach the 213ft mark.

Chicken Fight :-

Chicken fight is a informal game which is played in water mostly lakes or swimming pools, in which players play the game riding on the shoulders teamheir teammates, and attempt to knock down and seperate the opponents.

The person on top is considered to be the attacker while the person below is considered to be the vehicle. The person below may not use the arms or hands and must rely on the momentum to attack by running into the other team. The person in his/her shoulder is the attacker and may use any means possible of separating the other team or knocking them to the ground. If a team is knocked or separated in any way ,they are required to resign from the game and the last team to remain together is considered the winner.